In the wake of a new virus emerging in China over recent weeks, concerns have mounted regarding its potential spread to various countries, including Iraq. This has led to heightened anxiety among Iraqi health professionals, although they have confirmed that the country has not yet reported any cases of the new strain. The symptoms of the Chinese virus (Metanemovirus), however, mirror those of influenza and the common cold, prompting experts to advise the public on preventive measures.
Riyad Al-Halfi, Director-General of Public Health at the Ministry of Health, stated in an interview with Al-Alam Al-Jadeed, “To date, Iraq has not recorded any cases of the new variant, according to genetic tests conducted by the Central Health Laboratory. Additionally, we have not received any alerts from international bodies, such as the World Health Organization.”
Al-Halfi emphasized that local health authorities typically guide the public on measures such as avoiding crowded spaces, wearing face masks, practicing regular hand hygiene, staying away from closed environments, and seeking medical attention if any symptoms develop. He also pointed out that seasonal influenza cases in Iraq have increased, in line with previous years, though these are unrelated to the new variant.
The Metanemovirus causes respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia, and was first identified in 2001. It affects both children and adults, causing fever, cough, and sore throat. The virus spreads through direct contact and airborne droplets, and, as of now, there is no specific vaccine available.
Dr. Firas Riyad Jamil, a professor specializing in biological technologies and infectious diseases, explained to Al-Alam Al-Jadeed that Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus causing symptoms similar to those of the common cold or flu, including cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath.
He noted that “In severe cases, this virus can lead to lower respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis, especially in young children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems.”
Dr. Jamil further explained that “HMPV is transmitted through respiratory droplets produced by coughing or sneezing or by direct contact with contaminated surfaces. The incubation period ranges from three to six days.”
Regarding preventive measures, Dr. Jamil cautioned that “Currently, there is no vaccine or specific treatment for HMPV. Management focuses on alleviating symptoms by ensuring rest, adequate hydration, and the use of antipyretic and analgesic medications. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required for more intensive care.”
To reduce the spread of the virus, he recommended adhering to standard preventive measures: “Regular handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, avoiding touching the face (eyes, nose, mouth) with unwashed hands, covering the mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing, and regularly disinfecting frequently touched surfaces.”
Dr. Jamil also noted that “China has recently seen a notable increase in HMPV cases, particularly among children under 14, which has led to hospital overcrowding and the implementation of emergency measures. However, Chinese health authorities have confirmed that this surge aligns with the typical seasonal patterns of respiratory illnesses in winter.”
Five years after the devastating global COVID-19 pandemic, which claimed millions of lives and wreaked havoc on the world economy, experts and the World Health Organization have warned that the world remains unprepared for another pandemic, despite having improved readiness.
Iraq was among the hardest-hit countries in the region by the COVID-19 pandemic, ranking second in terms of fatalities. The country recorded 627,416 infections and 13,111 deaths, with a fatality rate of 2.09% among COVID-19 patients.
Data from the World Health Organization reveals that, over the past decade, Iraq has spent significantly less on healthcare per capita compared to many poorer nations. Iraq’s per capita healthcare expenditure stood at just $161 on average, compared to $304 in Jordan and $649 in Lebanon, according to previous reports.
Dr. Ali Abu Tihen, a family medicine specialist, also spoke to Al-Alam Al-Jadeed, highlighting that “The winter season in Iraq is typically associated with a rise in respiratory infections, including the common flu, COVID-19, and now, the new variant discovered in China, which belongs to a new viral family.”
When asked about the differences between this virus and others, Dr. Abu Tihen noted, “Distinguishing between them can be difficult, as the symptoms are similar, but they can vary depending on the individual and the severity of the infection. Viral illnesses have historically been common during winter and were generally referred to as the flu. Now, thanks to ongoing research, specific types and families of viruses are being identified.”
Dr. Abu Tihen reassured the public that “These viruses should not be a cause for alarm, even if the new variant reaches Iraq.” He emphasized that “The symptoms are consistent with those of the common flu. However, it is essential to follow preventive guidelines, such as maintaining a healthy diet, exercising, wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and ensuring proper ventilation in homes.”
Recent data from the Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicated a sharp rise in respiratory infections during the week of December 16-22, 2024. HMPV accounted for 6.2% of positive respiratory test results and 5.4% of hospital admissions for respiratory illnesses, surpassing COVID-19, rhinovirus, and adenoviruses in terms of infection rates.
While these developments raise concern, health officials stress that, despite the surge, these cases are consistent with seasonal patterns, and there is no immediate cause for widespread panic.